The four types of Marine Sediments.

1. How are each type of marine sediments created?

Lithogenous- derived from land.

Biogenous- derived from organisms.

Hydrogenous- derived from water.

Cosmogenous- derived from outer space.


2. Lithogenous- produced by weathering, breaking of rocks into smaller pieces.
    Biogenous- visible to naked eye, shells, bones.

    Hydrogenous- Minerals precipate directly from seawater, (phosphates, carbonates, metal sulfides.

   Cosmogenous- macroscopic meteor debris, microscopic iron , nickel and silicate spherules, (small globular masses).

Sediments Video.

Essential Questions: Island arcs and oceans trenches.

1- How and where do ocean trenches form?

Theses trenches form at convergent plate boundaries when one plate is subducted beneath another.

2- Describe an island arc?
Curving chains of volcanic islands and sea mounts are almost always found parallel to the concave edges of trenches.

3- what's the deepest trench in the world?

Mariana trench of the western pacific, where the ocean bottom is 11, 022 meters.

4- what trench does Japan lay next to?

Kuril- Japan Trench.

5- Why do islands arcs, ARC?(why aren't they a straight line?

Because they are formed by tectonic and volcanic activity associated with subduction.

Abyssal Plains & Hills

Abyssal Plains & Hills

• Define Abyssal Plains (AP)

Abyssal Plains is an underwater plain on the deep ocean floor

• Describe where AP are found

AP are found at depths between 3000 and 6000 m. Lying generally between the foot of a continental rise and a mid-ocean ridge, 

• Describe its features

* The continental shelf.  
* The extreme depth is obviously the first, but this area is also very flat, with an extremely gentle slope. 
* The flat plain is covered in millions of years o                          f sediment washed from the continents and deposited by various sea creatures. 

• How much of the earth do AP make up?

Abyssal Plains make up most of the seafloor in terms of square kilometers.

Adaptations of sea cave creatures.

1- What are some typical adaptations for these animals and why?

Some typical adaptations are lack of pigmetion reduction in the size of eyes or absence for eyes together. development of sensory mechanisms that do not depend on light for detecting food or predators.


2- why is oxygen not plentiful in caves and how do creatures deal with lack of oxygen?

Because some of these adaptations reduce for need of oxygen. This is because cinchialine  caves for coastal caves flooded with seawater tent to be oxygen- depleted, because there is no photosynthesis and very limited water circulation in the caves.

3- why do adaptations occur?

Because it happen as random events, the organism is more likely to survive and reproduce than other organism with these same adaptations.

Resourses: 

www.relativelyinteresting.com 

Hydrothermal Vents Essential Questions

1. 
   What exactly was described as "the biggest biological discovery on Earth?

They  detected a dramatic change in the temperature, the hydrothermal vents, 760 degrees and not sunlight, species with no eyes.

Where in the oceans was the discovery made?

Pacific Ocean 


What was “interesting” about Tube Worms?

The interesting thing about worms its that they can live in a contaminating water, and they are adapted and if you were cutting them , they blood.
How are species able to survive without sunlight? (What’s the process, if it’s not photosynthesis)

Some microorganisms are chemolithotrophs. It means they gain energy by oxidizing inorganic matter.


Where on Earth are hydrothermal vents located?

Hydrothermal vents are commonly found near volcanically active places, areas where tectonic plates are moving apart, ocean basins, and hotspots. Hydrothermal vents exist because the earth is both geologically active and has large amounts of water on its surface and within its crust.

Describe the theory of how life on Earth may have began at hydrothermal vents?

Animals are similar to humans in some kind of way. Hydrothermal vents can be the conditions necessary for life.