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Energy Flows Through The Ecosystem

1. How does light and nutrients affect productivity in the oceans?
- They use solar energy to produce organic plan materials through photo synthesis.

2. What factors affect the ability of an ecosystem to support multiple trophic levels.
- Amount of energy
- Predators
- Energy Loss

3. Describe the process bioaccumulation an describe the DOT example.
- caused predators to lay thin egg shells.

Nine , Major Animals Phyla

1- List all nine major animals phyla and an example image of animals in the phyla.

phylum porifera, phylum coelenteral, phylum platyhelminthes, phylum nematoda, phylum annelida, phylum arthropoda, phylum Mollusca, Phylum echinoder, phylum chordata.

2- What types of habitat can the species be found?

Marine (salt water) terrestrial( land) , fresh and saltwater

3- How does the species digest food?

the digestive system is incomplete which means that coelenterates have just one opening to the digestive cavity.

What are Cartilaginous Fish?

1.What makes cartilaginous fish different from other fish? Give examples

One of them is ‘Class Chondrichthyes’, which includes sharks, rays and chimeras. This class of fish is also known as ‘cartilaginous’ fish because they have skeletons made of cartilage. The other class is ‘Class Osteichthyes’, which gave rise to the modern day bony fish, also called ‘teleost’, and their primitive relatives such as the sturgeon.  Although the two groups once shared a common ancestor, there are several major biological differences between them.

2.List examples of cartilaginous fish.

Bony fish
Shark 

3.What’s special about a shark’s eye?

Shark species have eyelids and some can even protect their eye with a tough third eyelid called a nictating membrane.  Other species, like the great white shark, have muscles that can roll the eye back into the socket for protection.  Bony fish lack eyelids or the ability to protect their eyes.

4.What are the differences between bony fish and cartilaginous fish:

a.Heart and blood

b.External features

c.Digesting and evacuation

More about Cartilaginous.

1. Explain how cartilaginous and bony fish regulate the salt found in water?

By Osmoregulation cartilaginous and bony fish control the levels of water and mineral salts in the blood. Bony fish deal with this uneven concentration by drinking a lot of seawater to stay hydrated and excreting the concentrated salts through the gills and gut.  Sharks have evolved the ability to reabsorb the urea created by the breakdown of protein back into their tissue which helps level out the concentration differences so they do not lose as much water. 


2. What are some key differences in LIFE HISTORYs between cartilaginous and bony fish?

The difference in these two strategies magnify why sharks and bony fish need to be managed in different ways.  Bony fish on the fast track have the ability to replace itself in a population quickly but all of the characteristics listed above mean sharks take a lot longer.

3. Describe how shark reproduce.
All shark reproduction is internal.  Male sharks have mixoptyerigia, or pelvic claspers, an extension of the cartilaginous skeleton that serve as the sperm conducting structure for internal fertilization.  

Marine Anthropoids

1-What are examples of marine arthropods?

The sub-phylum Crustacean, the class merostomata, cleaner shrimp, hermit crab

2- What's the different between an anthropoids skeleton and a human?

Anthropoids is made of a tough substance called chitin, the muscles of an anthropoids are connected to inside of the exoskeleton because the animals lacks a internal skeleton of any type.

3- Compare and Contrast how anthropoids  and humans move blood in their circulatory systems?

Open circulatory its what is called and this means that unlike many other kinds of animals they have no arteries veins or capillaries to carry blood. instead blood is pumped.

4- How do the eyes of anthropoids differ from your eyes?

Each eye is composed of many smaller light-sensitive organs, called ommatidia, together, these ommatidia form a single working eye.

5- How do humans use marine anthropoids?

We mainly use for food.

Marines Science Words of Wisdom.

Grey whale mothers nurse their babies for 6-8 months giving them rich milk which allows them to

quickly gain the blubber they will need in colder waters. However, the mother barely eats during that

time and loses 1/3 of her body weight. She is near exhaustion by the time she and her calf begin their

10,000 mile migration to the Bering Sea.

Life lesson from a gray whale: Your parents love you very much, want the best for you always, and will do just about anything to make sure you are successful!!